BLOOD GLUCOSE CONTROL AND ITS DETERMINANTS

Abstract

Diabetes is a complex disorder that requires constant attention to diet, exercise, glucose monitoring, and medication to achieve good glycemic control. Diabetes affects up to 10 % of the population aged 20 years and older. This rate may be doubled if those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are also included. The manifestations of diabetes cause considerable human suffering and enormous economic costs. Both acute and late diabetic complications are commonly encountered. The objective of this study was to assess glycemic control for DM patients attending Hiwot Fana University Hospital Harar Ethiopia. Institutional based cross-sectional study was employed. Data was collected from DM patients of chronic OPD with regular follow up, who were treated during the period from September 20, 2013 to September 20, 2014. Well-structured data extraction format was developed and used to collect the data. Data from the total of 384 patients’ card was collected. The data entry was done by Epi data and analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16.0. Frequency, cross tabs, binary regression and multivariate analysis was done. 384 patients were studied and 194 (50.5 %) of them were male. 277 (72.1 %) of patients had type 2 DM. On the other hand from the total of the participants 154 (40.1 %) had co-morbid conditions, from this 45 (11.7 %) of them had cardiovascular disease. Among all participants 33 (8.6 %) were diagnosed with micro-vascular complications, from these, majority 19 (4.9 %) had neuropathy. From the total of participants, 14 (3.6) had acute complication, from these 12 (3.1 %) had DKA. Of all participants only 9 (2.3 %) and 12 (3.1 %) were undergo lipid and renal function test respectively. 71 (18.5 %) had good glycemic Control, while significant proportion of patients 313 (81.5 %) had poor glycemic control. 154 (40.1 %) of participants had concomitant disease 26 (32 %) of them had no appropriate drug selection for the co-morbid conditions. The glycemic control of patients in this study was very poor. Laboratory tests which will assist in the diagnosis of complications and control of diabetes mellitus like lipid profile and renal function tests were rarely done.